Allen Dulles
Peter
Grose, autor de Gentleman
Spy, cuenta la historia de Allen
Dulles, desde sus humildes comienzos como “junior third secretary” en
la embajada de Viena, en 1916.
Dulles
hizo cosas que no se podían reconocer oficialmente: fue un profesional de la
inteligencia, penetró la Alemania Nazi
durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial,
representó a los Estados Unidos en
los funerales del emperador Franz Joseph
y sirvió como director de la CIA
durante toda la administración Eisenhower.
En vocabulario: putsch, entourage, y guise
During the
Kennedy Administration, Dulles
faced increasing criticism. In autumn 1961, following the Bay
of Pigs incident and Algiers putsch
against Charles de Gaulle, Dulles and his entourage were forced to resign.
Allen Dulles: The Powerful, Moneyed World of
International Finance & Politics
Dulles was the inspiration for the CIA…
He believed not
everything could be done in the open…
He was a true
professional in the game of intelligence…
… After he
arrived the emperor Franz Joseph died
and he represented the United States
at his funeral…
He was CIA
director throughout Eisenhower´s administration…
—We´ve been for
the last few weeks on Saturdays taking a look at the history of US intelligence
and counterintelligence. Joining us now from Boston is Peter Grose. He´s the
author of Gentleman Spy. He also
wrote this book Operation Rollback.
America´s Secret War behind the Iron Curtain. And he joins us today to talk
about the life and influence of Allen Dulles. Good morning, sir.
—Good morning,
whatever time of the day it is, wherever you are.
—Our first
question is what was Allan Dulles contribution or biggest contribution to the
US intelligence service?
—Allen Dulles is
surely one of the most enigmatic and conflicted personalities of the American
20 century. He was, as the biography I wrote calls him, very much a gentleman, a
19 century figure. Yet he was the inspiration of an American intelligence
establishment. An arm of government, which was officially sanctioned to do
things which could not be officially acknowledged. He was not the first, he was
not the founder of the CIA but he was its inspiration and longtime director.
—And how
directly did he inspire it as you say?
—Allen Dulles
started life as a diplomat but he was intrigued by the things that could be
done under the guise of
diplomacy, to influence, to promote, to encourage trends in foreign policy
secretly. He believed that not everything had to be out in the open and that
often things could be done much more usefully without public acknowledgement.
We take this for granted today but in the 1940´s, 50 years ago, 60 years ago;
it was not at all taken for granted. It was a radical notion with effects that
some would say have been benign and others, probably many more, would say have
been destructive to the American role through the 20 century. We can argue about
that.
—How old was
Allen Dulles when he became director of the CIA?
—He was in early
middle age. He was born in 1893 so he would have been in his fifties. Already a
distinguished public figure. In government, in the law, in Wall Street law, he
was a renowned commentator and thinker on American foreign policy. He was also,
although we didn´t know it at the time, one of the most successful American intelligence
operators during World War II, in penetrating Nazi Germany through his network
of agents which he set up from his base in neutral Switzerland. We learned
about that after the war obviously. We didn´t know of it during the war. He was
a true professional in the game of intelligence, intelligence operations, at a
time when there weren´t any professionals except for him…
—At the
beginning of his intelligence career what was Allen Dulles´s first mission?
—As a young
diplomat his first assignment was to the United States embassy in Vienna in
1916. World War I was going on and he was the junior third secretary and
shortly after he arrived, this is what makes him such a colorful figure.
Shortly after he arrived the Habsburg emperor Franz Joseph died and here was this young diplomat who
represented the United States at the funeral of the great Habsburg emperor.
That was his first mission. That was how his career began. The book ends at the
beginning, the funeral of the emperor Franz Joseph. The other book ends at the
end of his career. You haven´t asked me this yet but it completes the picture
of Allen Dulles. He served on the Warren Commission, investigating the
assassination of John F. Kennedy. From the emperor Franz Joseph to John F.
Kennedy. That was the career of Allen Dulles.
—And how long
did he serve as CIA director?
—He was CIA
director throughout Eisenhower´s administration and into the first year of the
Kennedy administration… (5 minutes)
Para saber
Franz Joseph I (18 August 1830– 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria from 1848 until his
death. In December 1848, Emperor
Ferdinand abdicated the throne at Olomouc.
This allowed Ferdinand's nephew Franz Joseph to accede to the throne.
Largely considered to be a reactionary, Franz
Joseph spent his early reign resisting constitutionalism in his domains.
On 28 June 1914,
the assassination of his nephew and heir-presumptive, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, in Sarajevo
resulted in Austria-Hungary's
declaration of war against the Kingdom of
Serbia, which was an ally of the Russian
Empire. That activated a system of alliances which resulted in World War I.
 |
| Emperor Francis Joseph |
Vocabulario
Putsch: an attempt to remove a government by force, coup.
A successful
military putsch creates dangers far
outside the country where it is carried out.
Entourage: the group of people who travel with and work for an
important or famous person:
The star arrived
in London with her usual entourage of
dancers and backing singers.
Guise: the appearance of someone or something, especially
when intended to deceive, pretence.
The men who
arrived in the guise of drug
dealers were actually undercover police officers.
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