La revolución comunista en China

Cuando los comunistas llegan al poder Ip Man se establece en Hong Kong. La sociedad china es sacudida por cambios profundos, en todos los niveles. En el video de abajo se explica la revolución comunista de China, las reformas que Mao produce, la igualdad de la mujer con el hombre, las unidades de trabajo y la tierra que pasa para los campesinos.

Communism meant political equality for everybody. The people would be masters of the country. That was the propaganda…

China: A Century of Revolution 1949 – 1976

China during the Communist revolution – reformed everything – women equal to men – people in work units – peasants seized the land –

—In October of 1949 the Chinese people celebrate the victory of the communist party. The leader of the communists and the hero of the revolution was Mao Zedong.

Ours is a just cause. A just cause is invincible!

—For Mao and the Chinese communist party taking power was just a first step. The real revolution was about to begin.

Mao en 1949

—In 1949 China lay devastated by years of civil war and foreign invasion. The previous regime, corrupt and incompetent, had left the country bankrupt. People hoped the incoming government would bring unity and peace, pride and prosperity.

Wang Ruoshui (Communist Party Member): Everybody thought that the liberation of 1949 was a historic demarcation.

—Before that it was the old society with many ugly things in it.

Wang: After the communists came most people were idealistic and they began to fight for the same cause, for a new China.

—Mao and his colleagues had a vision of momentous change. They wanted to transform the lives of one quarter of mankind and create a strong and modern industrial China.

—The communists created a new political structure. They set a network of political party branches, which reached down from the capital to every village of the country. At local level officials explained the party programs.

Ge Yang (Communist Party Member): Communism meant political equality for everybody. The people would be masters of the country. That was the propaganda. People would have enough to eat and wear. Poverty would be a thing of the past.

—The reforms went far beyond the economics, into personal relations.

—Before liberation women had to do whatever they were told. They had no rights. There were 3 obediences and 4 virtues. Obedience to father before marriage, to husband after marriage and to your son after your husband died. You had no rights at all.

—The government´s first major legislation made women legally equal to men.

Ge Yang: Marriages arranged by parents and matchmakers were stopped. Women could marry the man they loved. So they were very happy.

—The communists organized people into work units which provided employment, health care, housing and education. Work units also gave the party direct control over people´s lives.

Wang: Everybody belonged to a work unit. At first people were uncomfortable with it but gradually they got used to it.

—In the countryside the changes were just as profound. For centuries peasants had struggled to survive hardship and poverty. During the revolution Mao had the peasants´ support with the promises of a better life. Now he gave them land. Party officials told peasants to seize land from their landlords.

Li Maoxiu (Son of Landlord): It was fierce. The whole village, hundreds of people came beating drums. They dragged me to the meeting ground. They wanted to beat me. I said “don’t hit me. I know my family had exploded the people for generations. I´ll give you my house, land, everything.” After they discuss it they level me an unlike son of a landlord family. They let me keep my house although there was not much left of it. But in fact I did well. Many people died… (Transcription up to 6, 50 minutes.)

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